Zone record — updated 2026-07

Zone 9a Planting Calendar

Zone 9a

In zone 9a, the median last spring frost falls around Feb 25 and the first fall frost around Dec 5, giving roughly 282 frost-free days. Average annual minimum temperature is 20°F to 25°F. Every date in the table below is calculated from those two frost dates.

Comparable areas: Houston, TX, Jacksonville, FL, Seattle, WA. The most misleading zone in the dataset. Houston and Jacksonville are humid subtropical with a long hot season, while Seattle and Portland, OR are also 9a but are cool maritime: Seattle's last spring frost is typically mid-to-late March and summer heat units are a fraction of the Gulf Coast's. Zone matches, growing season does not. Site copy must say so explicitly for any 9a user.

What to plant and when in zone 9a

Sorted by when you start each crop. Dates are calculated from a median last frost of Feb 25 and a first frost of Dec 5.

Zone 9a planting calendar — 56 crops · last frost Feb 25 · first frost Dec 5
Crop Start indoors Plant outside Fall sowing Harvest from
Celery Dec 3 – Dec 17 Mar 11 – Mar 24 Jun 19 – Jul 19
Leek Dec 3 – Dec 31 Jan 28 – Feb 10 Apr 28 – Jun 27
Onion Dec 3 – Dec 17 Feb 4 – Feb 17 May 15 – Jun 4
Rosemary Dec 3 – Dec 17 Mar 11 – Mar 24 May 30 – Jun 19
Kale Dec 10 – Dec 31 Jan 28 – Feb 10 Sep 12 – Sep 25 Mar 19 – Apr 20
Broccoli Dec 17 – Jan 7 Feb 4 – Feb 17 Sep 5 – Sep 18 Mar 26 – May 5
Cabbage Dec 17 – Jan 7 Feb 4 – Feb 17 Sep 5 – Sep 18 Apr 5 – May 15
Pepper (sweet/bell) Dec 17 – Jan 14 Mar 18 – Mar 31 May 27 – Jun 11
Chives Dec 17 – Dec 31 Feb 25 – Mar 10 May 16 – May 26
Common Thyme Dec 17 – Dec 31 Feb 25 – Mar 10 Apr 26 – May 26
Greek Oregano Dec 17 – Dec 31 Feb 25 – Mar 10 May 16 – May 26
Cauliflower Dec 24 – Jan 14 Feb 11 – Feb 24 Sep 5 – Sep 18 Apr 2 – May 2
Eggplant Dec 31 – Jan 14 Mar 11 – Mar 24 May 5 – May 30
Sweet Potato Dec 31 – Jan 14 Mar 18 – Mar 31 Jun 16 – Jul 16
Basil Dec 31 – Jan 14 Mar 4 – Mar 17 May 10 – Jun 9
Garden Sage Dec 31 – Jan 14 Feb 25 – Mar 10 May 6 – May 16
Parsley Dec 31 – Jan 14 Feb 25 – Mar 10 Sep 26 – Oct 9 May 6 – May 16
Spearmint Dec 31 – Jan 14 Feb 25 – Mar 10 Apr 26 – May 26
Calendula / Pot Marigold Dec 31 – Jan 14 Feb 11 – Feb 24 Oct 10 – Oct 23 Apr 2 – Apr 12
French Marigold Dec 31 – Jan 28 Mar 4 – Mar 17 Apr 18 – May 3
Sweet Alyssum Dec 31 – Jan 14 Feb 11 – Feb 24 Oct 10 – Oct 23 Mar 25 – Apr 8
Tomato Jan 7 – Jan 21 Mar 4 – Mar 17 Apr 28 – Jun 2
Bok Choy Jan 14 – Jan 28 Feb 11 – Feb 24 Oct 10 – Oct 23 Mar 13 – Apr 12
Collard Greens Jan 14 – Jan 28 Feb 11 – Feb 24 Sep 12 – Sep 25 Apr 12 – May 2
Kohlrabi Jan 14 – Jan 28 Feb 4 – Feb 17 Oct 3 – Oct 16 Apr 2 – Apr 12
Lettuce Jan 14 – Jan 28 Feb 4 – Feb 17 Sep 26 – Oct 9 Apr 2 – Apr 22
Spinach Jan 14 – Jan 21 Feb 4 – Feb 17 Oct 17 – Oct 30 Apr 3 – Apr 14
Swiss Chard Jan 14 – Jan 28 Feb 11 – Feb 24 Nov 7 – Nov 20 Mar 23 – Apr 7
Pea Jan 21 – Feb 3 Oct 3 – Oct 16 Mar 17 – Apr 6
Rhubarb Jan 21 – Feb 3 Jan 21 – Jan 20
Watermelon Jan 21 – Feb 11 Mar 11 – Mar 24 May 20 – Jun 14
Arugula Jan 28 – Feb 10 Oct 24 – Nov 6 Feb 27 – Mar 19
Asparagus Jan 28 – Feb 10 Jan 28 – Jan 27
Cucumber Jan 28 – Feb 11 Mar 11 – Mar 24 Apr 30 – May 20
Pumpkin Jan 28 – Feb 4 Mar 11 – Mar 24 Jun 4 – Jul 9
Turnip Jan 28 – Feb 10 Oct 3 – Oct 16 Mar 9 – Apr 13
Nasturtium Jan 28 – Feb 4 Mar 4 – Mar 17 Apr 28 – May 8
Beet Feb 4 – Feb 17 Sep 26 – Oct 9 Mar 26 – Apr 15
Carrot Feb 4 – Feb 17 Sep 19 – Oct 2 Apr 5 – Apr 25
Potato Feb 4 – Feb 17 Apr 15 – Jun 4
Radish Feb 4 – Feb 17 Oct 24 – Nov 6 Feb 25 – Mar 21
Sunflower Feb 4 – Feb 11 Mar 4 – Mar 17 May 13 – Jun 12
Parsnip Feb 11 – Feb 24 Jun 1 – Jun 21
Winter Squash (Butternut) Feb 11 – Feb 18 Mar 11 – Mar 24 May 30 – Jun 19
Cantaloupe (Muskmelon) Feb 11 – Feb 18 Mar 11 – Mar 24 May 18 – Jun 4
Strawberry Feb 11 – Feb 24 Mar 11 – Mar 13
Dill Feb 18 – Mar 3 Sep 26 – Oct 9 Mar 30 – Apr 14
Bush bean Feb 25 – Mar 10 Sep 26 – Oct 9 Apr 16 – Apr 26
Pole bean Feb 25 – Mar 10 Apr 24 – Apr 29
Sweet corn Feb 25 – Mar 10 Apr 26 – Jun 5
Borage Feb 25 – Mar 10 Apr 16 – Apr 26
Cilantro / Coriander Feb 25 – Mar 10 Oct 10 – Oct 23 Apr 11 – May 6
Summer squash / zucchini Mar 4 – Mar 17 Apr 8 – Apr 28
Okra Mar 11 – Mar 24 May 10 – May 20
Brussels Sprouts May 6 – May 19 Aug 29 – Sep 11 Jul 30 – Aug 24
Garlic Dec 5 – Dec 18

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Planting dates are only useful if you remember them. Tell us your zone and we'll email you when it's time to start seeds indoors, when your last frost is close, and when the autumn sowing window opens — dated for your climate, not someone else's.

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One zone is not one climate. USDA hardiness zones are drawn from average winter minimum temperature and nothing else, so they do not determine frost dates. Two gardens in zone 9a can differ by two or three weeks depending on elevation, distance from water, and local topography. Treat this page as a starting schedule and adjust it to what your own garden has actually done. How these dates were derived →

Other zones

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Zone 9a questions

When is the last frost in zone 9a?
The median last spring frost in zone 9a is around Feb 25. That is a midpoint, not a deadline — in half of years the last freeze lands later, so wait one to two weeks past it before setting out tender crops like tomatoes, peppers and basil.
How long is the growing season in zone 9a?
About 282 frost-free days, from roughly Feb 25 to Dec 5. That matters most for long-season crops: check a variety's days to maturity against that number before you buy seed.
What should I plant first in zone 9a?
Hardy crops go in well before your last frost — leek, onion, kale, broccoli tolerate frost and can be sown while the soil is still cold. Tender crops wait until after Feb 25.
Is zone 9a the same everywhere?
No. Hardiness zones are drawn from winter minimum temperature alone, so two gardens in the same zone can have frost dates weeks apart — Atlanta and Dallas–Fort Worth are both 8a and differ by about 20 frost-free days. Elevation, coastline, and even the bottom of a slope versus the top all shift these dates.