Zone record — updated 2026-07

Zone 10a Planting Calendar

Zone 10a

In zone 10a, the median last spring frost falls around Jan 15 and the first fall frost around Dec 20, giving roughly 338 frost-free days. Average annual minimum temperature is 30°F to 35°F. Every date in the table below is calculated from those two frost dates.

Comparable areas: Tampa, FL, Brownsville, TX, Pasadena, CA. Marginal by definition: the zone's average annual extreme minimum (30-35F) straddles freezing, so roughly half of years record no 32F reading at all. The dates given are a best-effort median for years in which a freeze does occur - many years have none. Coastal Southern California 10a is dry-summer Mediterranean and frost dates are near-meaningless there; use heat and day length instead.

What to plant and when in zone 10a

Sorted by when you start each crop. Dates are calculated from a median last frost of Jan 15 and a first frost of Dec 20.

Zone 10a planting calendar — 56 crops · last frost Jan 15 · first frost Dec 20
Crop Start indoors Plant outside Fall sowing Harvest from
Celery Oct 23 – Nov 6 Jan 29 – Feb 11 May 9 – Jun 8
Leek Oct 23 – Nov 20 Dec 18 – Dec 31 Mar 18 – May 17
Onion Oct 23 – Nov 6 Dec 25 – Jan 7 Apr 4 – Apr 24
Rosemary Oct 23 – Nov 6 Jan 29 – Feb 11 Apr 19 – May 9
Kale Oct 30 – Nov 20 Dec 18 – Dec 31 Sep 27 – Oct 10 Feb 6 – Mar 10
Broccoli Nov 6 – Nov 27 Dec 25 – Jan 7 Sep 20 – Oct 3 Feb 13 – Mar 25
Cabbage Nov 6 – Nov 27 Dec 25 – Jan 7 Sep 20 – Oct 3 Feb 23 – Apr 4
Pepper (sweet/bell) Nov 6 – Dec 4 Feb 5 – Feb 18 Apr 16 – May 1
Chives Nov 6 – Nov 20 Jan 15 – Jan 28 Apr 5 – Apr 15
Common Thyme Nov 6 – Nov 20 Jan 15 – Jan 28 Mar 16 – Apr 15
Greek Oregano Nov 6 – Nov 20 Jan 15 – Jan 28 Apr 5 – Apr 15
Cauliflower Nov 13 – Dec 4 Jan 1 – Jan 14 Sep 20 – Oct 3 Feb 20 – Mar 22
Eggplant Nov 20 – Dec 4 Jan 29 – Feb 11 Mar 25 – Apr 19
Sweet Potato Nov 20 – Dec 4 Feb 5 – Feb 18 May 6 – Jun 5
Basil Nov 20 – Dec 4 Jan 22 – Feb 4 Mar 30 – Apr 29
Garden Sage Nov 20 – Dec 4 Jan 15 – Jan 28 Mar 26 – Apr 5
Parsley Nov 20 – Dec 4 Jan 15 – Jan 28 Oct 11 – Oct 24 Mar 26 – Apr 5
Spearmint Nov 20 – Dec 4 Jan 15 – Jan 28 Mar 16 – Apr 15
Calendula / Pot Marigold Nov 20 – Dec 4 Jan 1 – Jan 14 Oct 25 – Nov 7 Feb 20 – Mar 2
French Marigold Nov 20 – Dec 18 Jan 22 – Feb 4 Mar 8 – Mar 23
Sweet Alyssum Nov 20 – Dec 4 Jan 1 – Jan 14 Oct 25 – Nov 7 Feb 12 – Feb 26
Tomato Nov 27 – Dec 11 Jan 22 – Feb 4 Mar 18 – Apr 22
Bok Choy Dec 4 – Dec 18 Jan 1 – Jan 14 Oct 25 – Nov 7 Jan 31 – Mar 2
Collard Greens Dec 4 – Dec 18 Jan 1 – Jan 14 Sep 27 – Oct 10 Mar 2 – Mar 22
Kohlrabi Dec 4 – Dec 18 Dec 25 – Jan 7 Oct 18 – Oct 31 Feb 20 – Mar 2
Lettuce Dec 4 – Dec 18 Dec 25 – Jan 7 Oct 11 – Oct 24 Feb 20 – Mar 12
Spinach Dec 4 – Dec 11 Dec 25 – Jan 7 Nov 1 – Nov 14 Feb 21 – Mar 4
Swiss Chard Dec 4 – Dec 18 Jan 1 – Jan 14 Nov 22 – Dec 5 Feb 10 – Feb 25
Pea Dec 11 – Dec 24 Oct 18 – Oct 31 Feb 4 – Feb 24
Rhubarb Dec 11 – Dec 24 Dec 11 – Dec 10
Watermelon Dec 11 – Jan 1 Jan 29 – Feb 11 Apr 9 – May 4
Arugula Dec 18 – Dec 31 Nov 8 – Nov 21 Jan 17 – Feb 6
Asparagus Dec 18 – Dec 31 Dec 18 – Dec 17
Cucumber Dec 18 – Jan 1 Jan 29 – Feb 11 Mar 20 – Apr 9
Pumpkin Dec 18 – Dec 25 Jan 29 – Feb 11 Apr 24 – May 29
Turnip Dec 18 – Dec 31 Oct 18 – Oct 31 Jan 27 – Mar 3
Nasturtium Dec 18 – Dec 25 Jan 22 – Feb 4 Mar 18 – Mar 28
Beet Dec 25 – Jan 7 Oct 11 – Oct 24 Feb 13 – Mar 5
Carrot Dec 25 – Jan 7 Oct 4 – Oct 17 Feb 23 – Mar 15
Potato Dec 25 – Jan 7 Mar 5 – Apr 24
Radish Dec 25 – Jan 7 Nov 8 – Nov 21 Jan 15 – Feb 8
Sunflower Dec 25 – Jan 1 Jan 22 – Feb 4 Apr 2 – May 2
Parsnip Jan 1 – Jan 14 Apr 21 – May 11
Winter Squash (Butternut) Jan 1 – Jan 8 Jan 29 – Feb 11 Apr 19 – May 9
Cantaloupe (Muskmelon) Jan 1 – Jan 8 Jan 29 – Feb 11 Apr 7 – Apr 24
Strawberry Jan 1 – Jan 14 Jan 29 – Jan 31
Dill Jan 8 – Jan 21 Oct 11 – Oct 24 Feb 17 – Mar 4
Bush bean Jan 15 – Jan 28 Oct 11 – Oct 24 Mar 6 – Mar 16
Pole bean Jan 15 – Jan 28 Mar 14 – Mar 19
Sweet corn Jan 15 – Jan 28 Mar 16 – Apr 25
Borage Jan 15 – Jan 28 Mar 6 – Mar 16
Cilantro / Coriander Jan 15 – Jan 28 Oct 25 – Nov 7 Mar 1 – Mar 26
Summer squash / zucchini Jan 22 – Feb 4 Feb 26 – Mar 18
Okra Jan 29 – Feb 11 Mar 30 – Apr 9
Brussels Sprouts Mar 26 – Apr 8 Sep 13 – Sep 26 Jun 19 – Jul 14
Garlic Dec 20 – Jan 2

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One zone is not one climate. USDA hardiness zones are drawn from average winter minimum temperature and nothing else, so they do not determine frost dates. Two gardens in zone 10a can differ by two or three weeks depending on elevation, distance from water, and local topography. Treat this page as a starting schedule and adjust it to what your own garden has actually done. How these dates were derived →

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Zone 10a questions

When is the last frost in zone 10a?
The median last spring frost in zone 10a is around Jan 15. That is a midpoint, not a deadline — in half of years the last freeze lands later, so wait one to two weeks past it before setting out tender crops like tomatoes, peppers and basil.
How long is the growing season in zone 10a?
About 338 frost-free days, from roughly Jan 15 to Dec 20. That matters most for long-season crops: check a variety's days to maturity against that number before you buy seed.
What should I plant first in zone 10a?
Hardy crops go in well before your last frost — leek, onion, kale, broccoli tolerate frost and can be sown while the soil is still cold. Tender crops wait until after Jan 15.
Is zone 10a the same everywhere?
No. Hardiness zones are drawn from winter minimum temperature alone, so two gardens in the same zone can have frost dates weeks apart — Atlanta and Dallas–Fort Worth are both 8a and differ by about 20 frost-free days. Elevation, coastline, and even the bottom of a slope versus the top all shift these dates.